Learn how to talk about past events and about regrets
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to DanishClass101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 15 - Making Your Way to a Danish Festival. John here. |
| Nana: Hej I'm Nana. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn how to discuss past events and regrets. The conversation takes place at the station. |
| Nana: It's between Johan and Mia. |
| John: The speakers are family members. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Mia: Skynd dig! Toget holder der allerede. |
| Johan: Vi havde ikke behøvet at løbe, hvis vi var blevet kørt herhen. |
| Mia: Havde vi fået nogen til at køre os, havde vi ikke behøvet at tage bussen. |
| Johan: Ja, bare NOGEN havde husket at spørge mor i god tid. |
| Mia: Ja ja, jeg ved det godt. Hmm, der er mange, som kun har skuldertasker og rygsække med. |
| Johan: Jeg ville ønske, at jeg havde taget imod Sofias tilbud om at tage dit telt med også. |
| Mia: Jeg vidste ikke, at Sofia allerede var taget derhen. |
| Johan: Jeg er dog glad for, vi ikke tog med hende og de andre, fordi det havde regnet den første nat. |
| Mia: Gid jeg havde vidst det! Så havde jeg byttet min vagt. Og taget en paraply med. |
| Johan: Du havde så også været tvunget til at slæbe rundt på dit eget telt. Det vejer godt til! |
| Mia: Jeg skal nok belønne dig med en burger på festivalen. Hvis du ikke havde båret det, var vi aldrig nået herhen. |
| Johan: Øh, der kører toget...! |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Mia: Skynd dig! Toget holder der allerede. |
| Mia: Hurry up! The train is already there. |
| Johan: Vi havde ikke behøvet at løbe, hvis vi var blevet kørt herhen. |
| Johan: We wouldn’t have had to run, if we’d been driven here. |
| Mia: Havde vi fået nogen til at køre os, havde vi ikke behøvet at tage bussen. |
| Mia: Had we gotten someone to drive us, we wouldn’t have had to take the bus. |
| Johan: Ja, bare NOGEN havde husket at spørge mor i god tid. |
| Johan: Yes, if only SOMEONE had remembered to ask mom in time. |
| Mia: Ja ja, jeg ved det godt. Hmm, der er mange, som kun har skuldertasker og rygsække med. |
| Mia: Yeah yeah, I know. Hmm, there are many people who are only bringing shoulder bags and backpacks. |
| Johan: Jeg ville ønske, at jeg havde taget imod Sofias tilbud om at tage dit telt med også. |
| Johan: I wish that I had taken Sophia's offer of taking your tent along too. |
| Mia: Jeg vidste ikke, at Sofia allerede var taget derhen. |
| Mia: I didn't know that Sophia had already gone there. |
| Johan: Jeg er dog glad for, vi ikke tog med hende og de andre, fordi det havde regnet den første nat. |
| Johan: I'm glad, though, that we didn't go with her and the others, because it rained the first night. |
| Mia: Gid jeg havde vidst det! Så havde jeg byttet min vagt. Og taget en paraply med. |
| Mia: I wish I had known! Then I would have traded my shift. And brought an umbrella. |
| Johan: Du havde så også været tvunget til at slæbe rundt på dit eget telt. Det vejer godt til! |
| Johan: You would have also been forced to carry around your own tent then. It’s quite heavy! |
| Mia: Jeg skal nok belønne dig med en burger på festivalen. Hvis du ikke havde båret det, var vi aldrig nået herhen. |
| Mia: I'll reward you with a burger at the festival. If you hadn’t carried it, we would never have managed to get here. |
| Johan: Øh, der kører toget...! |
| Johan: Uhm, there goes the train...! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Mia and Johan are going to a festival, and seem to be having an adventure already. |
| Nana: But maybe not as much of an adventure as Sophia and the other people there. |
| John: Rain at festivals is the worst, especially when you’re camping. |
| Nana: It’s not fun, is it? In the summer in Denmark there are many festivals. |
| John: What are they like? |
| Nana: Small towns have festivals with live music, food, and dancing. |
| John: Do larger cities have festivals too? |
| Nana: Yes, they sometimes have music festivals that feature local and international artists. |
| John: Music festivals are my favorite festivals. |
| Nana: Really? I love Middle Ages themed festivals and ringridning. |
| John: What is that? |
| Nana: It’s a sport on horseback, where you pierce a ring with a lance. |
| John: Oh, so it’s like jousting only with rings? Cool. Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Nana: skynde sig [natural native speed] |
| John: to hurry, to hurry up, to hasten, to be quick |
| Nana: skynde sig [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: skynde sig [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: nogen [natural native speed] |
| John: some, any, somebody, anybody |
| Nana: nogen [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: nogen [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: i god tid [natural native speed] |
| John: in good time |
| Nana: i god tid [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: i god tid [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: imod [natural native speed] |
| John: against |
| Nana: imod [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: imod [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: glad [natural native speed] |
| John: happy, glad, pleased |
| Nana: glad [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: glad [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: tvinge [natural native speed] |
| John: to force, to compel |
| Nana: tvinge [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: tvinge [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: slæbe [natural native speed] |
| John: to haul, to drag |
| Nana: slæbe [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: slæbe [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: veje [natural native speed] |
| John: to weigh |
| Nana: veje [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: veje [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: belønne [natural native speed] |
| John: to reward |
| Nana: belønne [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: belønne [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Nana: nå [natural native speed] |
| John: to reach, to be in time for, to have time to, to manage to |
| Nana: nå [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: nå [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Nana: tage imod |
| John: meaning "to receive, to accept." What can you tell us about this expression? |
| Nana: First is the irregular verb tage, |
| John: which means "to take," |
| Nana: and then the preposition imod, which means "toward.” |
| John: If we take that literally, it doesn’t make much sense... |
| Nana: No, it doesn’t. Just remember it as being similar to the English “to receive,” or “to accept.” |
| John: Okay, so we use it when we’re accepting something? |
| Nana: Yes, like an offer or a suggestion. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say, De tog imod pengene alligevel. |
| John: ...which means "They accepted the money anyway." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Nana: være glad for |
| John: Meaning "to be glad that." What can you tell us about this expression? |
| Nana: The phrase consists of the irregular verb være |
| John: which means "to be," |
| Nana: the adjective glad, |
| John: which means "glad," |
| Nana: and finally the preposition for, which most commonly means "for." |
| John: In this case, that preposition is used to show that we are happy about something. |
| Nana: Yes, you use this phrase when you’re happy that something has happened, or will happen. |
| John: Is that always the case? |
| Nana: When the phrase is followed by an object, its meaning changes to "to like." |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say, Hun er glad for, de kan følges. |
| John: ...which means "She is glad they can go together." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Nana: veje til |
| John: Meaning "to be heavy." Can you break this expression down for us? |
| Nana: The phrase consists of the regular verb veje, |
| John: which means "to weigh," |
| Nana: and the preposition til, which means "to." |
| John: So we can use this to describe the weight of someone or something. |
| Nana: Yes, but like with many other languages, be careful if you’re talking about the weight of a person! |
| John: Of course! It’s usually best to avoid that discussion altogether. |
| Nana: I think so too! |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say, Din kuffert vejer godt til. |
| John: ...which means "Your suitcase is quite heavy." Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn how to discuss past events and regrets. |
| Enter Lesson Focus section here. |
| John: To do this, I guess we’ll need to use the past tense, right? |
| Nana: Right. We’ve talked about the past perfect tense in previous lessons. And, we’ve used the auxiliary verbs have and være. |
| John: What’s the difference between the two? |
| Nana: Have is more commonly used. It’s used when the action itself is the focus. |
| John: And the other auxiliary verb? |
| Nana: Være, which means “to be,” is used with verbs which describe a change or physical movement of some kind, as in from one place to another. |
| John: In both cases, the auxiliary verb is conjugated in past tense and followed by the past participle of another verb. |
| Nana: You form the past participle by adding -et or just -t to the base or imperative form of a verb. |
| John: You can also use the past perfect tense when imagining if a past event had gone differently. |
| Nana: In this case, it's often used with the conditional hvis, which means “if.” |
| John: Let’s look at some examples. |
| Nana: De vidste ikke, at hun allerede var taget afsted. |
| John: “They did not know that she had already left.” |
| Nana: Vi havde nået det, hvis vi var løbet. |
| John: “We would have made it, if we had run.” How do we say that we wish things had been different in the past? |
| Nana: You use the modal verb ville, |
| John: which means “to will,” |
| Nana: and the regular verb ønske, which means “to wish.” |
| John: An example, please? |
| Nana: Pigen ville ønske, at han var taget med. |
| John: “The girl wishes that he had come along.” |
| Nana: You can also use the adverbs bare and gid for this. Bare usually means “just” or “only...” |
| John: ...but when used in this context, it means “I wish.” These adverbs are placed at the very beginning of a sentence in the past perfect tense. |
| Nana: For example, Bare jeg havde pakket mine gummistøvler. |
| John: “I wish I had packed my rubber boots.” |
| Nana: Or Gid toget havde været forsinket for en gangs skyld. |
| John: “I wish the train had been late for once.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Nana: Hej hej! |
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