Learn how to discuss past actions in detail
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to DanishClass101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 9 - Returning a Faulty Item in Denmark. John here. |
| Nana: Hej, I'm Nana. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about discussing detailed past actions. The conversation takes place at a department store. |
| Nana: It's between Sophia and Villads. |
| John: The speakers are strangers in a customer service context. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| Sofia: Goddag, hvad kan jeg gøre for dig? |
| Villads: Hej, jeg fik de her handsker af min kæreste i sidste uge, men der er allerede gået hul på dem. |
| Sofia: Det var ikke så godt. Har du haft dem på, mens du har lavet en form for praktisk arbejde...? |
| Villads: Hvad mener du helt bestemt med praktisk arbejde? |
| Sofia: Jeg mener, om du måske har båret eller flyttet rundt på tunge genstande? Så de er blevet slidt hurtigere? |
| Villads: Burde handskerne ikke kunne holde til den slags arbejde? De er trods alt lavet af 100% ægte læder. |
| Sofia: Jo, det burde de. Men jeg er desværre alligevel nødt til at spørge. Har du kvitteringen på handskerne? |
| Villads: Ja, jeg har den lige her. Værsgo. Jeg har seriøst kun kørt bil med dem på. |
| Sofia: Mange tak skal du have. Vi bytter dem selvfølgelig gerne til et nyt par. |
| Villads: Øh, er det ikke muligt at få pengene refunderet i stedet for? Ærligt talt, så har min kæreste ret dårlig smag. |
| Sofia: Det har hun tydeligvis også i fyre. |
| Villads: Undskyld, hvad sagde du? |
| Sofia: Værsgo, her har du pengene i stedet for! Hav en god dag! |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Sofia: Goddag, hvad kan jeg gøre for dig? |
| Sophia: Hello, what can I do for you? |
| Villads: Hej, jeg fik de her handsker af min kæreste i sidste uge, men der er allerede gået hul på dem. |
| Villads: Hi, I got these gloves from my girlfriend last week, but there has already been a hole ripped in them. |
| Sofia: Det var ikke så godt. Har du haft dem på, mens du har lavet en form for praktisk arbejde...? |
| Sophia: That's not good. Have you been wearing them while you have done some sort of practical work...? |
| Villads: Hvad mener du helt bestemt med praktisk arbejde? |
| Villads: What do you mean exactly by practical work? |
| Sofia: Jeg mener, om du måske har båret eller flyttet rundt på tunge genstande? Så de er blevet slidt hurtigere? |
| Sophia: I mean if you might have carried or moved heavy objects around. So they have become worn faster? |
| Villads: Burde handskerne ikke kunne holde til den slags arbejde? De er trods alt lavet af 100% ægte læder. |
| Villads: Shouldn't the gloves be able to withstand that kind of work? After all, they are made of 100% genuine leather. |
| Sofia: Jo, det burde de. Men jeg er desværre alligevel nødt til at spørge. Har du kvitteringen på handskerne? |
| Sophia: Yes, they should. But unfortunately, I have to ask anyways. Do you have the receipt for the gloves? |
| Villads: Ja, jeg har den lige her. Værsgo. Jeg har seriøst kun kørt bil med dem på. |
| Villads: Yes, I have it right here. Here you go. Seriously, I have only driven a car with them on. |
| Sofia: Mange tak skal du have. Vi bytter dem selvfølgelig gerne til et nyt par. |
| Sophia: Thank you very much. We will swap them for a new pair, of course. |
| Villads: Øh, er det ikke muligt at få pengene refunderet i stedet for? Ærligt talt, så har min kæreste ret dårlig smag. |
| Villads: Uhm, isn't it possible to get a refund instead? Frankly, my girlfriend has pretty bad taste. |
| Sofia: Det har hun tydeligvis også i fyre. |
| Sophia: She obviously has that in guys too. |
| Villads: Undskyld, hvad sagde du? |
| Villads: Sorry, what did you say? |
| Sofia: Værsgo, her har du pengene i stedet for! Hav en god dag! |
| Sophia: There you are, here you have the money instead! Have a nice day! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: Oh wow, Sophia was getting sassy at the end of that conversation. |
| Nana: Yes, she didn’t seem too impressed with Villads as a boyfriend. |
| John: She would probably return him if he was her boyfriend. |
| Nana: I don’t know if she would have returret or bytteret for that! |
| John: What do those words mean? |
| Nana: They mean “right to return” or “right to exchange.” |
| John: Yeah, that probably doesn’t extend to boyfriends. |
| Nana: In Denmark, you have no right to return unwanted items, only defective ones. |
| John: Is there a time limit on how quickly you have to return things? |
| Nana: You have two years to make a complaint. |
| John: In the conversation, the options were to have a replacement or to take the money. |
| Nana: That’s very typical. You should always take note of the store’s returret! |
| John: Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Nana: hul [natural native speed] |
| John: hole |
| Nana: hul [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: hul [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: have på [natural native speed] |
| John: to wear |
| Nana: have på [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: have på [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: form [natural native speed] |
| John: form, shape |
| Nana: form [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: form [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: bestemt [natural native speed] |
| John: definitely, certainly, for certain, indeed |
| Nana: bestemt [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: bestemt [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: burde [natural native speed] |
| John: to ought to, should |
| Nana: burde [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: burde [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: holde [natural native speed] |
| John: to hold, to stop, to keep, to last |
| Nana: holde [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: holde [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: kvittering [natural native speed] |
| John: receipt |
| Nana: kvittering [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: kvittering [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: bytte [natural native speed] |
| John: to change, to exchange, to swap, to trade |
| Nana: bytte [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: bytte [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Nana: smag [natural native speed] |
| John: taste |
| Nana: smag [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: smag [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Nana: fyr [natural native speed] |
| John: guy, fellow, boyfriend |
| Nana: fyr [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Nana: fyr [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is... |
| Nana: gå hul på |
| John: meaning "to be punctured, to be penetrated, to be ripped, to be burst." What can you tell us about this? |
| Nana: The phrase consists of the irregular verb gå, which has several meanings, such as "to go." Next, the neuter gender noun hul, which means "hole." And finally, the preposition på, which also has several meanings, such as "on" and "in." |
| John: How is this phrase used? |
| Nana: It can be used for items of clothing, parts of your body, or other things that have been punctured or ripped. |
| John: So you can use it to say that your knee is busted? |
| Nana: Yes, you can say, der er gået hul på mit knæ |
| John: Can you give us another example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say, Der gik hul på hans bukser, da han rejste sig. |
| John: ...which means "A hole was ripped in his pants when he got up." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Nana: kunne holde til |
| John: Meaning "to withstand, to be able to endure, to be able to handle, to be able to sustain." Can you break down this phrase for us? |
| Nana: Sure! The first word is the modal verb kunne, which means "to be able to." The second word is the verb holde, which means "to hold." And finally, the third word is the preposition til, which means "to." |
| John: How is this phrase used? |
| Nana: It’s used to say that something can withstand something else. |
| John: Oh, like “the shelf can hold 8 kilos?” |
| Nana: Yes, that’s right. That’s hylden kan holde til 8 kilo, by the way. |
| John: Can you give us another example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say, Kan I holde til at arbejde en time længere? |
| John: ...which means "Can you handle working one hour longer?" |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Nana: dårlig smag i |
| John: Meaning "bad taste in." |
| John: What can you tell us about this phrase? |
| Nana: There is the adjective dårlig, meaning "bad." Then, the common gender noun smag, meaning "taste." And finally, the preposition i, meaning "in." |
| John: How is this phrase used? |
| Nana: It’s used for saying that somebody has bad taste in something. |
| John: Like bad taste in music or clothing? |
| Nana: Exactly. |
| John: Can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Nana: Sure. For example, you can say, Min ven har dårlig smag i smykker. |
| John: ...which means "My friend has bad taste in jewellery." |
| John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about discussing detailed past actions. |
| John: First, we’re going to look at two auxiliary verbs. |
| Nana: Yes, være and have. |
| John: They mean “to be” and “to have” respectively. We looked at the first one a little in a previous lesson. |
| Nana: That’s right. We can use both of these verbs to make the present perfect tense. |
| John: What’s the difference between the two? |
| Nana: Være is often used with verbs for movement. But if a clause contains a verb that’s normally used with være, but is followed by an object, you use have with the verb instead. |
| John: Okay. Can we have some examples? |
| Nana: Min nabo er flyttet. |
| John: “My neighbor has moved.” |
| Nana: Er de ikke gået? |
| John: “Haven’t they left?” Next, let’s take a look at a subordinating conjunction. This is a conjunction that introduces a subordinate clause. What conjunction will we look at this time, Nana? |
| Nana: Mens. It means “while,” but can also be used like “by the way” when you want to introduce something that you suddenly remember is important to the conversation. |
| John: How are sentences formed using this conjunction? |
| Nana: There are two ways. The first is the main clause, followed by mens, followed by the subordinate clause. |
| John: I guess that the other way switches the clauses around so that the subordinate clause goes first. |
| Nana: That’s right. Just make sure mens is still before the subordinate clause. |
| John: And an example, please? |
| Nana: Hun dagdrømmer, mens hun arbejder. |
| John: “She daydreams while she works.” Finally, let’s look at some adverbs. Can you give us a couple of examples using adverbs? |
| Nana: Sure! Det er helt bestemt jeres fejl. |
| John: “It is definitely your fault.” |
| Nana: Selvfølgelig må I betale med kort. |
| John: “Of course you may pay by card.” |
| Nana: Han har tydeligvis ingen situationsfornemmelse. |
| John: “He obviously has no sense of occasion.” There are many more examples in the lesson notes, so please check them out! |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Nana: Hej hej! |
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